Studies such as that support the theory that standardized testing can harm a child's creative ability. According to Robinson, divergent thinking, or thinking creatively, becomes less common as children move to higher grades. A time when attending a higher educational institution was a wonderful bonus, not a requirement for steady employment. He explains that our educational system was conceived in a different era. He claims that the current process of education desensitizes students from focusing on their talents and individuality. Sir Ken Robinson dives deeper into the topic of education in his discussion, "Changing Education Paradigms." He breaks down the problems in the entire educational system instead of just higher education. Ungar advocates for reformation of how college and the Liberal Arts should be perceived. "Financial issues cannot be ignored, but neither can certain eternal verities: Through immersion in liberal arts, students learn not just to make a living, but also to live a life rich in values and character" (196). His ideas emphasize more on what a student gains as an individual social skills and experience, over the financial problems attending college provide. Ungar, President of the Goucher College in Baltimore, discusses the importance of Liberal Arts Colleges and "misperceptions" that keep people from attending. The authors claim that too much money is being poured into these institutions, and getting little of the important services they deserve out of it. They believe that schools "have lost track of their basic mission to challenge the minds of young people" (180). Hacker and Drefius do not claim higher education to be useless, but that it is in need of reform. They believe that schools are spread to scarcely, have taken on too many roles, and are wasting student tuition money and less than important things. "Our conclusion: Colleges are taking on too many roles and doing none of them well" (180). In their article, "Are Colleges Worth the Price of Admission?", They have developed such questions through studies of institutions, and interviews of higher education leaders, policy makers, and students across the country. In 2010, Andrew Hacker and Claudia Drefius began to table this debate. These topics are important to consider in order to make the most beneficial choice when thinking about earning a degree. The issues of higher education are something that must be considered by each student thinking about college. He recognizes the street smarts that certain people possess that allow them to get by. Others, like Mike Rose, acknowledge that college is not necessary for each person. People, like Robert Wilson, encourage other to attend college, saying that the debt is worth it. While statistics have proven that those with college degrees often earn more than these without, this is not always the case. Common thought is in order to get a high end career and succeed, a college degree is required. The most commonly used topics include debt, tuition, price, traditional colleges, value to the individual, and the "college experience." The value of higher education is such a popular debate due to the job industry. The debate over higher education and its worth is controversial, with many different voices and opinions. Until recently when the price of tuition nearly doubled, sparking concern and debate. Because of the ever-growing student body and the high expectations associated with college degrees, prices have continued to grow steadily. America's belief that every individual deserves an equal opportunity at education is a policy that works, but it is not perfect. The investment of education is one of the main reasons for America's success and has played an important part in building a strong economy. Small institutions grew to be universities and began to move towards the educational system used today in America. Because of the high expectations present in many career paths, most require some form of college degree, skyrocketing attendance rates. More students began to attend until it became a nearly mandatory choice. In the Mid-Twentieth century, the number of colleges grew vastly. Education was extremely different from how it is today. Students were taught to be philosophers rather than thinkers. The curriculum taught there included Greek, Latin, Geometry, Ancient History, Ethics, and Rhetoric. Harvard was one of the first colleges found in the colonies, but took a less traditional route by producing lawyers, politicians, and farmers. They were used to educate and train ministers. Early colleges were mainly established for religious groups. To understand how such problems came to be, it would be best to learn about the origin of modern universities.
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